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Common electronic components
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In addition, there are other types of electronic components, such as optoelectronic devices (such as photodiodes, light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, etc.), Hall elements, display devices (such as liquid crystal displays, light-emitting diode displays, etc.), and electrical contact devices (such as connectors, switches, relays, etc.), which also play an important role in different electronic circuits.
- Resistors Represented by "R" followed by numbers in circuits, their main functions include current limiting, voltage division, biasing, etc. The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω), and labeling methods include direct marking, color code, and numerical marking. Common types include carbon film resistors, metal film resistors, wire-wound resistors, fixed resistors, variable resistors (potentiometers), sensitive resistors, and surface mount resistors.
- Capacitors Generally represented by "C" followed by numbers, they consist of two metal films closely spaced and separated by an insulating material. Their characteristics include blocking DC current and passing AC current; they are mainly used for energy storage, AC coupling, DC isolation, and forming frequency-selective circuits with inductors. The unit is the farad (F). Common types include CBB capacitors (polyethylene), polyester capacitors, ceramic capacitors, mica capacitors, monolithic capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, and tantalum capacitors.
- Inductors Represented by the symbol "L", the basic unit is the henry (H). It is an energy storage component that can convert electrical energy into magnetic field energy and store energy in the magnetic field. It often works with capacitors to form LC filters, LC oscillators, etc., and can also be used to manufacture chokes, transformers, relays, etc. Common types include coil inductors and ferrite inductors.
- Diodes Often represented by "D" followed by numbers in circuits, they have unidirectional conductivity, meaning they only allow current to flow in one direction. They are commonly used in rectification, isolation, voltage regulation, polarity protection, encoding control, frequency modulation, and noise reduction circuits. Common types include switching diodes, general-purpose diodes, Zener diodes, Schottky diodes, and bidirectional trigger diodes.
- Transistors These are current-controlled devices that mainly act as amplifiers and switches in circuits. Common types include band-stop transistors, magneto-sensitive transistors, switching transistors, thyristors, and medium-to-high frequency amplification transistors.
- Integrated Circuits These are devices with specific functions formed by integrating transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other components onto a silicon substrate using special processes. The English abbreviation is IC, also known as a chip. They can be divided into analog integrated circuits and digital integrated circuits and are widely used in various electronic devices. They are core components of modern electronic technology.
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